With its long sea border between eastern and western civilizations, Yemen has long existed at a crossroads of cultures with a strategic location in terms of trade on the west of the Arabian Peninsula. Large settlements for their era existed in the mountains of northern Yemen as early as 5000 BCE.

Yemen has had many civilisations in the past, the most famous ones are Sabaean (Sheba), Hadramout, Qataban, Ma'in, Awsan and Himyarite kingdom. It is known that the origins of Arabs are from Yemen due to the great migration occured after the great Dam of Ma'rib collapsed in 570 AD. Yemen was also called Arabia Felix by the Greek and Romans.

The modern history of Yemen began with the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire. In 1839 the British set up a protective area around the southern port of Aden and in 1918 the northern Kingdom of Yemen gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. North Yemen became a republic in 1962, but it was not until 1967 that the British Empire withdrew from what became South Yemen. In 1970, the southern government adopted a communist governmental system. The two countries were formally united as the Republic of Yemen on May 22, 1990.

The history of Scotland is fascinating and complex; there are Roman soldiers, Vikings, noble clansmen, powerful ruling monarchs and even enlightened philosophers.

Scotland has experienced extraordinary growth and change during the course of its lifetime - it’s a place that has been invaded and settled many times and that has made mighty contributions to culture and society.

Scotland's history can go back to 10,000 bc in the The Palaeolithic Era also know and the Stone Age. The earliest recorded battle is the Battle of Mons Graupius (84 AD), in Scottish history, in which the Romans, under Agricola, defeated the Caledones.